The importance of QEEG in diagnosing and evaluating the effectiveness of EEG biofeedback therapy in children with mild autism spectrum disorder, revealing attention deficit disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by complex and multifactorial causes, making it difficult to diagnose, especially during early childhood. Researchers continue to search for objective, easily identifiable markers to aid in diagnosing the disorder. Additionally, it is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative therapeutic methods that consider individual differences in ASD. One promising technique is Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG), which can be used to assess brainwave activity. Although early research indicates potential, further studies are required to validate its effectiveness in both diagnosis and therapy assessment.This study examined brainwave changes in children with mild ASD and attention deficit issues, focusing on the potential benefits of biofeedback (neurofeedback) therapy. The goal was to evaluate brainwave amplitudes before and after therapy, using QEEG as the primary tool. Biofeedback helps patients learn to regulate their brain activity by receiving real-time feedback on their brainwave patterns. The study specifically analyzed Delta, Beta1, and SMR brainwave frequencies to determine the impact of biofeedback.The findings showed significant changes in brainwave activity following biofeedback therapy. Delta wave amplitudes were significantly reduced, particularly in the frontal region (Fz), with notable changes also observed in the central areas of the brain (Cz, C3, C4). These reductions were statistically significant. While no major changes were found in the lateral or parietal regions, the therapy also led to decreased Beta1 wave amplitudes in the Fz and Cz regions. Theta and Alpha wave amplitudes showed minimal or no significant differences after the therapy, though a slight reduction in Alpha wave amplitudes suggested improved relaxation. SMR wave activity, particularly in the frontal cortex (Fz), also showed significant reduction post-therapy.Biofeedback therapy demonstrates effectiveness in reducing Delta and Beta1 wave amplitudes in children with ASD, which may indicate improvements in attention and impulse control. Although the therapy did not significantly impact Theta or Alpha wave amplitudes, the results suggest biofeedback may play a role in managing ASD symptoms, particularly attention deficits. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings and to explore long-term outcomes and the underlying mechanisms behind these changes. QEEG proves to be a valuable tool for both diagnosing ASD and monitoring therapy progress.