Nonclassical Transport Laws in Third-Grade Nanoliquid Flow on a Stretchable Surface: A Novel Approach Incorporating Soret and Dufour Effects

Here the Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion model explores the mixed convective flow of third-grade nanoliquid on a stretchable surface with Riga device diverging from the traditional Fourier and Fick’s law. The model incorporates entropy optimization and Soret–Dufour effects, offering a unique perspective on heat and mass transfer phenomena. By employing relevant transformations, the complex partial differential equations are converted into more manageable ordinary differential systems. An optimal analysis method is then applied to solve the resulting nonlinear differential system, shedding light on the intricate interplay of various physical variable. Through the utilization of plots, the study delves into the impact of these physical variable, providing insights into the behavior of the system under different conditions. This comprehensive approach not only enhances our understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing the convective flow of nano-liquids, but also highlights the significance of considering nonclassical models in thermal and mass transport studies. The key finding of this study is that fluid velocity enhances for material parameters due to low viscosity. Temperature and nanoparticle concentration enhance for higher values of Dufour and Soret numbers, respectively. For higher estimations of Reynold number, entropy of the system decreases.