Optimation of image encryption using fractal Tromino and polynomial Chebyshev based on chaotic matrix

Image encryption is a critical process aimed at securing digital images, safeguarding them from unauthorized access, tampering, or viewing to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive visual information. In this research, we integrate polynomial Chebyshev, fractal Tromino, and substitution S-box methods into a comprehensive image encryption approach. Our evaluation focuses on standardized 256×256-pixel images of Lena, Peppers, and Baboon, assessing key performance metrics like mean squared error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), unified average changing intensity (UACI), number of pixel changes rate (NPCR), and entropy. The results reveal varying encryption quality across images, with Lena exhibiting the highest MSE (4702) and the lowest PSNR (12.89 dB). However, UACI, NPCR, and entropy values remain consistent across all images, indicating the proposed method’s stability concerning changing intensity, pixel alterations, and entropy levels. These findings contribute valuable insights into the effectiveness of the proposed encryption method, providing a foundation for further exploration and optimization in the field of cryptographic research. For future research direction, it is recommended to explore the impact of varying image sizes and types on the proposed method’s performance. Additionally, by focusing on the area of cryptographic threats, further analysis of the algorithm’s resistance against advanced attacks and its computational efficiency would be beneficial.