IR4.0 and internet of things: future directions towards enhanced connectivity, automation, and sustainable innovation

This study provides a systematic review of the literature on the fourth industrial revolution (IR4.0) and the internet of things (IoT) in genetics, informatics, and biotechnology, as well as their many rapidly evolving applications, which often overlap with various aspects of life. The study reviews the latest research, books, scientific theses, and official websites in this field, placing them in a coherent context for researchers. It covers innovations that have driven the continuous development of IR4.0 and its challenges. The study highlights numerous fields and modern technologies expected to bring about tangible and radical changes in health, agriculture, and industry. It addresses key aspects of IR4.0 and the significant advancements brought by smart cities, and most importantly, artificial intelligence (AI), including robots, autonomous cars, 3D printing, big data, IoT, nanotechnology, biotechnology, energy storage, and quantum computing. By applying cutting-edge technology across various disciplines to boost productivity and foster development, technology plays a crucial role in linking the physical, digital, and biological realms. This revolution is built on multiple axes, including the convergence of biotechnology, digital media, and physical systems.