Enhanced cold tolerance mechanisms in Euglena gracilis: comparative analysis of pre-adaptation and direct low-temperature exposure

In this study, the PreC group exhibited superior growth rates, higher photosynthetic efficiency, and more excellent antioxidant activity compared to the DirC group. These advantages were attributed to higher levels of protective compounds, enhanced membrane stability, and increased unsaturated fatty acid content. The PreC group's ability to maintain higher cell vitality under cold stress conditions underscores the significance of pre-adaptation in enhancing cold tolerance. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying cold adaptation in <i>E. gracilis</i>, emphasizing the benefits of pre-adaptation. These insights are crucial for optimizing the cultivation of algal species under cold stress conditions, which is essential for both biotechnological applications and ecological studies. This study not only advances our understanding of <i>Euglena</i>'s adaptive responses to low temperatures but also contributes to the broader field of algal research and its industrial exploitation.