"Smoking-Related Disruption Of Lipid Metabolism And Antioxidant BalanceIn Male Young Adults”: Insights From Apo A1/Apo B Ratio, Oxidative Stress, And Oxidized LDL

Background: Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), with oxidative stress and lipid profile alterations playing critical roles. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of smoking on cardiovascular risk markers, including apolipoprotein A1/B (Apo A1/Apo B) ratio, oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels and to correlate Apo A1/Apo B ratio with oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity and oxidized LDL in adult smokers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 young adult smokers and 40 age-matched non-smokers in the age group 20-40 years after obtaining the informed voluntary consent from all the participants. Venous blood samples were collected and analysed for the estimation of Apo A1/Apo B ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and Oxidised LDL (OxLDL) levels. Results: Smokers exhibited significantly lower Apo A1/Apo B ratios (p < 0.001), increased MDA levels (p < 0.01), reduced TAC (p < 0.05), and elevated OxLDL levels (p < 0.01) compared to non-smokers. Multivariate analysis revealed Apo A1/Apo B ratio and OxLDL as independent predictors of smoking-related cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: This study highlights the detrimental effects of smoking on lipid metabolism and oxidative balance, underscoring the importance of Apo A1/Apo B ratio and OxLDL as potential biomarkers for CVD risk assessment in smokers. Smoking cessation and antioxidant interventions may help mitigate these risks.