Evaluation of the Fertilizer Potential of Black Soldier Fly Larval Frass Obtained by the Processing of Multiple Organic Wastes in Agriculture in Cameroon: Effects on Plant Growth Parameters and Maize Kernel Nutrient Composition

The growing utilization of inorganic fertilizers results in the depletion of a minimal quantity of essential elements, including phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium. The residual fraction is discharged into the environment as organic waste, posing a threat to the ecosystem.The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been acknowledged as a solution for the increasing problem of organic waste. BSFL provides numerous benefits, including their current use of waste material, known as frass, as an organic fertilizer. The aim of this study is to examine the fertilizing properties of frass and its effects on plant growth parameters and nutrient concentration in maize kernels when consumed. This will be compared to other cultivation methods including synthetic fertilizers, conventional compost, and no compost. Following a 90-day timeframe, a comprehensive analysis was performed to assess the growth characteristics and nutrient composition within the kennels. The results of this study indicate that frass positively affects plant growth and has a favorable blend of nutrients, as previously demonstrated by studies investigating the nutrient levels in maize. This study showcased the capacity of utilizing frass as a carrier to boost agricultural output and enhance the accessibility of particular nutrients in plants. Further investigation is required to substantiate these conclusions. The widespread use of black soldier fly larvae in the agricultural sector in poor countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, has the capacity to have a beneficial effect on integrated sustainable agriculture and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 2, 11, and 12.