Characteristics of eye diseases among different age groups of the population of the Voronezh region.

Prevention and timely correction of vision pathologies are the objectives of numerous programs of the World Health Organization. The purpose of the study was to study the general patterns of vision pathology among the population of the Voronezh region for the period 2010–2019. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of data from statistical reports (form 12 of Rosstat) was carried out in the Voronezh region for the period 2010–2019, the dynamics and structure of diseases of the organ of vision and its adnexa were studied. Statistical processing was carried out using nonparametric methods: differences in indicators were calculated using Student’s t-test; differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. The prevalence of eye diseases among the population of the Voronezh region by 2019 was 95.34 per 1000 population. For the studied period 2010–2019. According to official statistics, the incidence of diseases of the organ of vision among children and adolescents was 1.2–2.75 times higher than in adults. Primary morbidity of the organ of vision in different age groups of the population was characterized by multidirectional trends, the overall morbidity in the groups of children and adults was stable, and a moderate upward trend was observed in the group of adolescents. In the structure of primary morbidity of the organ of vision in all population groups, conjunctivitis was in the lead. In children and adolescents, along with conjunctivitis, myopia occupied a significant place; In adults, the second place in the structure of pathology was occupied by cataracts, the share of which for the period 2010–2019. increased by 1.8 times. The structure of the general morbidity of children and adolescents was represented mainly by diseases of the eye muscles, disturbances of accommodation and refraction; in adults, cataracts and glaucoma occupied the leading positions during the period studied. Studying the morbidity of the organ of vision at the regional level characterizes the quality of ophthalmological care to the population and allows us to adjust the measures taken.