CSF1 mediating 3-hydroxyhexanoate in endometrial cancer: a Mendelian randomization study

Introduction This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationship between 3-hydroxyhexanoate and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), with a focus on the mediating role of colony stimulating factor (CSF1), a chemokine implicated in tumor progression. Results The analysis revealed a negative association between CSF1 and UCEC. Furthermore, the study identified a negative causal link between 3-hydroxyhexanoate and CSF1, suggesting that this metabolite may play a role in the pathogenesis of UCEC. Conclusions The findings suggest that 3-hydroxyhexanoate, through its association with CSF1, could influence the tumor micro-environment of cancer cells, potentially impacting cancer growth and progression.