Optimization and Forecasting Modelling to Analyse India’s Pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals in Agenda 2030

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), set in Agenda 2030, are examined in this study, along with India’s progress towards attaining them, and creative solutions based on forecasting and optimization modelling are presented. We investigate the complex alternatives between economic development, mainly focusing on GDP, sustainability—environmental concerns—and employment—a problem at the core of India’s sustainable development. We examine India’s development across several sectors like agriculture, mining, trades, construction, and so on, using a lexicographic goal programming framework, developing a hierarchical structure with four different levels and prioritizing the most important goal. Decisions are made from the highest priority level to the lowest priority level. Research goes beyond assessment by providing practical solutions to problems. A numerical study highlight the applicability of our strategy. By emphasizing the relevance of coordinating progress across decision-making levels for a more equal, prosperous, and sustainable future by 2030, this research delivers customized, context-aware solutions to accelerate India’s achievement of the SDG goals.