Study of immunological parameters associated with asthma with and without bacterial infection in Thi-Qar Province

Background. Asthma is a prevalent and persistent respiratory condition that impacts more than 300 million individuals globally, leading to substantial illness and death. Objective. The current study aims to evaluate the level of immune parameters in asthma patients infected with and without pathogenic bacteria in Thi-Qar province south of Iraq. Material and method. The present study was conducted at Al-Nasiriyah teaching hospital October 2023 to June 2024 and involved 130 individuals, of which 100 asthmatic patients 70 have bacterial infections and 30 without bacterial infections, and 30 as control group. The age ranges from 3-80 years. The immune parameters were evaluated by ELISA technique. Result. This study was recorded the IL-5 and IgE increased significantly in asthmatic patients with bacterial infections than other groups, while the IL-13 and TNFα not scored a significant difference between patients according to bacterial infection. the results also, showed that the bacterial infection patients had positive IL-5 (51.43%,) while 20% in asthmatic patients without bacterial infection, the patients with bacterial infection had positive IL-13 (17.14%,) and 13.33% in asthmatic patients without bacterial infection, the TNFα scored 50% of bacterial infected patients and 40% in patients without bacterial infection. Finally, the IgE was positive 67.14% in bacterial infected patients, and 50% in patients without bacterial infection. Conclusion. This study concluded that the asthmatic patients with and without bacterial infection had high significant level of immune parameters than control group, also, showed that the bacterial infection induce level of IL-5, and IgE in asthmatic patients.