Optimizing Broadcast Utilization for Efficient Disaster Management Using Wireless Ad Hoc Networks and Novel Energy-Saving Algorithms

Globalization, industry, and population growth is considered the main reasons for climate change, so when some natural calamity or disaster occurs in any area, it leads to isolating this area from the rest of the region. Wireless ad hoc networks are important in disaster management to reduce losses and costs as they reduce the response, aiding time to save lives. However, they suffer from limited energy, which controls the lifetime of the sensor. Different methods are applied to save energy and increase battery life, such as sleep-awake schedules which assume similar initial energy for all nodes. Domestic partition in a unit disk graph is the production of the maximum possible number of such disjoint dominants. However, it assumes different initial energy levels for all nodes, which is another problem. In this paper, a new broadcast approach based on minimum set data broadcasting is proposed to minimize the number of broadcasting messages to increase the battery life during disasters and enhance rescue operations. The proposed minimum rebroadcast algorithm (MSRA) method balances coverage and utilization efficiency by dynamically adjusting node selection based on network conditions. The results show that MSRA significantly reduces power consumption and transmission latency, opening the way to find a new solution for disaster management using wireless ad hoc networks.