ISSUES OF CHILDHOOD, CHILD’S UPBRINGING AND DEVELOPMENT IN A. MAKARENKO’S PEDAGOGICAL HERITAGE

This article presents A. Makarenko’s pedagogical ideas about childhood, child’s upbringing and development. The specific features of educational work with children in Ukraine during 1920-1930 are characterized. They are: education dependence on the government ideological and political course; the dissemination of the idea of the team educational influence on the individual and the individual educational influence on the team, collective organization of work; focus on children’s patriotic, moral, political, legal, intellectual, labour, physical, aesthetic education. A. Makarenko identified the main tasks of education. They are: raising healthy children, formation of their ability to work and moral culture, providing children with healthy and cheerful childhood. A. Makarenko’s main ideas about childhood, upbringing and child development are revealed. They are: care for children’s health (taking into account children’s age characteristics, creating proper medical and hygienic conditions, students’ involvement in work, physical education and sports), prevention of antisocial phenomena (smoking, alcoholism, obscene language), development of children’s physical, mental, moral and social health, formation of their sexual culture. Undisputed success factors in solving the problem of raising a healthy child are: teachers’ positive influence on children’s development processes, properly organized family education, coordinated interaction of parents and teachers.