HISTORICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE RESEARCH OF THE EDUCATIONAL DISCIPLINE «METHODS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH»

The article describes the development of the history of studying the discipline "Methods of ecological research". Three periods are conventionally distinguished, which demonstrate the gradual progress of the formation of this teaching. The first stage (before the 1850s) - scientists began to study the relationship between vegetation, animals and the environment. During this time, such fundamental research methods as detection, tagging, and monitoring of animal dynamics, population monitoring, measurement of biological parameters, and analysis of the impact of human activity on the environment were created. The second stage (1850-1970) - during this period, scientists began to use more sophisticated methods, such as soil and water chemical analysis, gas analysis, radioisotope methods and satellite technology. Standardization of research methods also took place. New areas of research are emerging, such as environmental genetics, molecular ecology, and environmental biochemistry. The third stage (after 1970) is the period when scientists use more precise and advanced research methods, including molecular and genetic methods. Quantitative research methods are being developed, such as mathematical modeling of ecosystems and statistical data analysis. Special attention is paid to the problems of preserving biodiversity, the impact of climate change on ecosystems, and environmental sustainability.