The Potential of Colloidal Systems Based on Carbamate-Containing Hexadecylpiperidinium Surfactants in Biomedical Applications

New hexadecylpiperidinium surfactants, containing one or two butylcarbamate fragments, were synthesized. The antimicrobial activity, toxicity, aggregation behavior in aqueous solutions, and solubilization capacity of these surfactants towards the hydrophobic drug ibuprofen were characterized. These surfactants demonstrated a high antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, as well as fungi. By forming mixed-micellar compositions of the cationic surfactant 1-CB(Bu)-P-16 and the nonionic surfactant Brij®35, highly functional and low-toxic formulations were obtained. Furthermore, the transition from mixed micelles to niosomes was accomplished, enhancing their potential as drug delivery systems. Niosomes were found to be less toxic compared to mixed micelles, while also increasing the solubility of ibuprofen in water. The modification of niosomes with cationic surfactants made it possible to increase the stability of the system and improve the solubility of the drug. The data obtained indicate that these new carbamate-containing hexadecylpiperidinium surfactants have significant potential in biomedical applications, particularly in the formulation of advanced drug delivery systems.