Identification of New Cultivar and Different Provenances of Dendrocalamus brandisii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Using Simple Sequence Repeats Developed from the Whole Genome

<i>Dendrocalamus brandisii</i> is a high-quality bamboo species that can be used for both bamboo shoots and wood. The nutritional components and flavors of <i>D. brandisii</i> from different geographical provenances vary. However, the unique biological characteristics of bamboo render morphological classification methods unsuitable for distinguishing them. Although the new cultivar 'Manxie No.1' has significant differences in the branch characteristics and the color of shoot sheaths compared with <i>D. brandisii</i>, precise genetic information at the molecular level is still lacking. This study identified 231,789 microsatellite markers based on the whole genome of <i>D. brandisii</i> and analyzed their type composition and distribution on chromosomes in detail. Then, using TP-M13-SSR fluorescence-labeling technology, 28 pairs of polymorphic primers were screened to identify the new cultivar 'Manxie No.1' and 11 different geographical provenances of <i>D. brandisii</i>. We also constructed DNA fingerprinting profiles for them. At the same time, we mapped two polymorphic SSRs to the CDS sequences of two genes of <i>D. brandisii</i>, among which SSR497 was mapped to <i>DhA15G005980.1</i>, which is related to plant growth and development processes, as well as hormone signal transduction pathways. The specific markers selected in this study can rapidly identify the provenances and the new cultivar of <i>D. brandisii</i> and help to explore candidate genes related to some important traits.