Second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as salvage therapy in a patient with sepsis and severe hypofunction of hematopoiesis after chemotherapy

When performed in patients with severe infection, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with high mortality rates due to the progression of infection and graft failure. Here, we report a case of a successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation performed in a pediatric patient with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed persistent granulocyte colony-stimulating factor refractory chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression and severe sepsis. Following the procedure, the patient achieved hematopoietic recovery with subsequent resolution of the infection and was able to resume treatment. The patient's parents gave consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.