A Human–Security Robot Interaction Literature Review

As advances in robotics continue, security robots are increasingly integrated into public and private security, enhancing protection in locations such as streets, parks, and shopping malls. To be effective, security robots must interact with civilians and security personnel, underscoring the need to enhance our knowledge of their interactions with humans. To investigate this issue, the authors systematically reviewed 47 studies on human interaction with security robots, covering 2003 to 2023. Papers in this domain have significantly increased over the last 7 years. The article provides three contributions. First, it comprehensively summarizes existing literature on human interaction with security robots. Second, it employs the Human–Robot Integrative Framework (HRIF) to categorize this literature into three main thrusts: human, robot, and context. The framework is leveraged to derive insights into the methodologies, tasks, predictors, and outcomes studied. Last, the article synthesizes and discusses the findings from the reviewed literature, identifying avenues for future research in this domain.