An Unedited Version of the Medieval French Heraldic Oath

This rare instance of a peasant being named as the lessee of a demesne dairy herd provides some direct evidence in support of the assumption that commercial dairying became an enterprise of the peasanty in the late fourteenth century.Furthermore, when set within evidence for Ralph Warenger's activity in the land market and in other areas of pastoral production, this court roll entry also allows Warenger to be seen as emblematic of the kind of intensive, commercialized peasant enterprise characteristic of late medieval England.