Development of Guideline for Metadata of STEAM Educational Contents

This study developed metadata guidelines for science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education content to comprehensively manage and search STEAM education resources. Based on a literature review of STEAM education and metadata guidelines, draft metadata guidelines were created. Then, expert opinions were incorporated to include metadata elements that represent STEAM education characteristics and general program information. The key revisions focused on ensuring consistency in metadata units, clarifying items, improving usability, defining detailed items more clearly, and simplifying terminology. Ultimately, specific attributes and descriptions for detailed items in each category were developed, and metadata items were finalized through expert review and Delphi surveys. The developed STEAM education metadata are categorized into five major areas: “Basic Information,” “STEAM Content Information,” “Learning Activity Information,” “Resource Information,” and “Rights Information.” “Basic Information” includes identification codes, title, number of sessions, overview, keywords, hashtags, target audience, development organization, and difficulty level. “STEAM Content Information” covers STEAM knowledge, processes, attitudes, and related curriculum information. “Learning Activity Information” includes details on STEAM competency goals, subject areas, activity types, teaching and learning methods, and output types. “Resource Information” encompasses language, development year, resource types, supplementary resource types, hardware operating environment, websites, project names, and product names. “Rights Information” indicates the developer, copyright holder, and access rights of the content. These metadata are expected to support more effective management and utilization of STEAM education content for developers and users.