Primary Amine-Functionalized Chiral Covalent Organic Framework Enables High-Efficiency Asymmetric Catalysis in Water

Aqueous asymmetric catalysis using chiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represents a significant advancement but remains to be explored. Herein, we present the first example of aqueous asymmetric catalysis catalyzed by a primary amine-tagged chiral <i>D</i>-ADP-TAPB COF. The <i>D</i>-ADP-TAPB COF was synthesized by the postsynthetic deprotection of <i>D</i>-ADP-TAPB-Boc bearing a protective tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group, which was constructed by a Schiff-base reaction between an alanine-derived chiral building block (<i>D</i>-ADP-Boc) and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB). The crystalline <i>D</i>-ADP-TAPB COF exhibits a uniform, spherical morphology with abundant, well-distributed chiral primary amines, rendering it highly active in the asymmetric aldol reaction between cyclohexanone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. Notably, this reaction is conducted entirely in water, achieving impressive yields and enantiomeric excess (ee) values of up to 90 and 85%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, <i>D</i>-ADP-TAPB COF represents the first chiral COF catalyst with high reactivity and enantioselectivity for an asymmetric aldol reaction solely in water, eliminating the need for conventional organic solvents. Moreover, a plausible mechanism for <i>D</i>-ADP-TAPB COF-mediated aqueous asymmetric aldol reactions is elucidated. This work not only expands the toolbox for designing rare primary amine-functionalized chiral COFs for asymmetric catalysis but also opens exciting avenues for developing green and water-based enantioselective catalysis.