Evolution of Remote Participation of the Accused and Victim in International Criminal Proceedings

Abstract The use of technologies in criminal proceedings has become increasingly popular. This has not escaped the attention of international criminal proceedings. Of particular importance are remote communication tools, which are now used in proceedings before the International Criminal Court ( icc ). These tools enable, among other things, the remote participation of the accused and the victim in the proceedings. In this paper I will analyse how this one form of using technologies in the criminal process has evolved in the changing reality of international criminal proceedings, including how the use of remote communication tools affects the rights of the accused. I will argue that the development of the use of remote communication tools in icc proceedings has so far been evolutionary and that this has been justified differently depending on the approach taken by the accused and victim in the proceedings. The paper also examines the impact of the covid -19 pandemic.