The survey on the dual nature of xAI challenges in intrusion detection and their potential for AI innovation

Abstract In the rapidly evolving domain of cybersecurity, the imperative for intrusion detection systems is undeniable; yet, it is increasingly clear that to meet the ever-growing challenges posed by sophisticated threats, intrusion detection itself stands in need of the transformative capabilities offered by the explainable artificial intelligence (xAI). As this concept is still developing, it poses an array of challenges that need addressing. This paper discusses 25 of such challenges of varying research interest, encountered in the domain of xAI, identified in the course of a targeted study. While these challenges may appear as obstacles, they concurrently present as significant research opportunities. These analysed challenges encompass a wide spectrum of concerns spanning the intersection of xAI and cybersecurity. The paper underscores the critical role of xAI in addressing opacity issues within machine learning algorithms and sets the stage for further research and innovation in the quest for transparent and interpretable artificial intelligence that humans are able to trust. In addition to this, by reframing these challenges as opportunities, this study seeks to inspire and guide researchers towards realizing the full potential of xAI in cybersecurity.