Experimental and Numerical Integrated Strategy for the Optimization of Microfluidic Parameters for Eudragit L100 Nanoparticles and Microparticles

Oral immunization offers a minimally invasive administration, inducing local and systemic immune responses and facilitating mass immunization without needle-related risks. However, the gastrointestinal environment poses challenges, compromising vaccine effectiveness through enzymatic degradation and poor absorption by Peyer's patches. Advances in nanoparticle and microparticle (NP/MP) technology protect vaccines from degradation and enhance targeted release. The aim of this study was to develop pH-controlled polymeric carriers for the oral delivery of protein vaccines in order to target the antigen-presenting cells and M cells in the region of Peyer's patches. Here, myoglobin was chosen as a model protein vaccine. This study focuses on Eudragit L100, a pH-responsive polymer stable in acidic conditions and dissolving at higher pH, to develop carriers for controlled myoglobin release in the intestinal tract. A microfluidic-based manufacturing process for Eudragit L100 NPs and MPs is optimized using a comprehensive experimental and computational approach to obtain NPs and MPs through the same setup. Integrating in silico and experimental methods highlights the potential of numerical simulations to streamline final product development. This approach improves the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of NP/MP production, demonstrating how the combination of design of experiment and numerical simulations can optimize production parameters and refine manufacturing processes for advanced drug delivery systems.