Identifying insect predators using camera traps reveal unexpected predator communities in oilseed rape fields

• Camera traps are used to identify predators of pollen beetles and brassica pod midge larvae. • An important diversity of predators of oilseed rape pest larvae was identified. • Carabidae and Staphylinidae larvae are important predators of these pest larvae. • Oilseed rape pest larvae susceptibility period match predator activity. Cameras are common tools for ecologists studying species abundance, richness, and interactions. They are mainly used to study large animals but are increasingly used to study invertebrates. Camera traps could be a powerful tool to identify and quantify the natural enemies, such as predators, of specific agricultural pests. This knowledge can then be applied to adapt farming practices to favour the predators identified and improve conservation biocontrol. Here, cameras were used to identify predators of two insect pests of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ): the pollen beetle ( Brassicogethes aeneus ) and the brassica pod midge ( Dasineura brassicae ). These insects are spring pests of oilseed rape and are both susceptible to predation by ground-dwelling arthropods during their development cycle. The objectives of this study were to 1) identify the predators of the pest species, and 2) investigate the hypothesis that the diel activity periods of the predators match the timing of pest larval presence on the ground. Field observations were conducted in two locations over two consecutive years in the UK. In contrast to previous reports, our data collected using cameras showed that larval stages of predatory beetles are responsible for most of the predation events and that adult stages were not frequently observed feeding on the prey. Our data also showed that the traditional method, using pitfall traps, failed to detect the presence of large numbers of beetle larvae. Interestingly, the pests dropped to the ground and were therefore most susceptible to predation at the time when predators were most active. These results give new insight on the predators of the two most important spring pests of oilseed rape in Europe. This knowledge can be used by practitioners to develop framing practices targeted on enhancing the abundance of the larval stages of these beneficial arthropods to better control the pests in a more sustainable way.