Re-visiting mpox: Stealth assault on the brain and emerging biomedical research insights

• MPXV can invade the nervous system, potentially causing severe complications such as encephalomyelitis. • The review examines MPXV's molecular features and invasion mechanisms, exploring its neurological effects beyond skin symptoms. • Recent mpox research advances include animal studies, AI-assisted detection, and potential treatments for neurological complications. The recent global outbreak of mpox virus (MPXV) infections has reignited interest in this zoonotic disease, mpox. As of August 2024, mpox continues to pose significant global health challenges, with ongoing transmission in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. This article examines the neurological implications of MPXV infection, synthesizing current research to provide biomedical insights into the virus's potential impact on the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroinvasive potential of MPXV and the rare but serious complication of encephalomyelitis have been discussed. The article explores advances in mpox research, including insights from animal models such as dogs, squirrels, and mice. Further. the application of bioinformatics and machine learning techniques for enhanced mpox detection and potential therapeutics for mpox and related neurological complications have discussed. The article also addresses the current state of mpox vaccines, existing resources, and future directions for vaccine development. By examining the molecular characteristics of MPXV, its mechanisms of cellular invasion, and its effects beyond cutaneous manifestations, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mpox neurological implications. Eventually, the major research priorities and potential strategies for mitigating the neurological impact of MPXV infections have been highlighted in the context of ongoing global health challenges.