Evolution of thaumatin-like proteins in rosaceae and rapid response to cold stimulation coordinated with PmEOBⅡ in the floral scent formation process of Prunus mume

• The numbers of TLP genes fluctuate in Rosaceae plants and are not conserved in evolution. • The expression of the PmTLP genes are tissue-specific and more heavily induced by low temperature than ABA • There is a strong interaction between PmTLP19 and PmEOBII, which is involved in the floral benzenoid metabolism in Prunus mume Prunus mume has a long history of cultivation in China as the ornamental plant. It has been observed for a long time that the colder weather the weather appear, the sweeter the flowers produce, coldness stress may contribute to the formation of its floral scents. Here, in previous transcription matrix during scent formation period, we recognized thaumatin-like proteins from the core co-expression members. Thus, we performed the identification of thaumatin-like proteins in the Rosaceae genomes, characterized by conserved cysteine residues and tag sequences to explain the relationship between abiotic stress and floral metabolism. The numbers of TLPs ranged from 22 to 34. Most of the TLP members in Group 9 displayed congregated and expanded. A total of seven tandem duplication events occurred in 27 PmTLPs , which could be the primary driving force behind PmTLP gene expansion. The promoters of the PmTLP s contained various types of cis-elements. Additionally, there existed several miRNAs for certain PmTLP s. As a result, PmTLP s displayed tissue-specific expression trends, and expressions varied across different developmental stages of flowers. For highly activated members, PmTLP19 and 23 increased sharply after 4 h under chilling induction compared with a slow increase by ABA treatment. PmTLPs, PmEOBII , and PmMYB4 owned a positive expression correlation in both responces. Finally, the yeast two-hybrid results also indicated a strong interaction between PmEOBII and PmTLP19 . Our results establish the foundation for a comprehensive investigation into the molecular mechanism of PmTLPs involved in the cold-resistant defense response of Prunus mume . Additionally, it will facilitate the identification of genes associated with regulating floral compounds in P. mume .