A Report of a Rare Case of Vagococcus fluvialis Isolated From Urine: Clinical Significance of Vagococcus Species With an Update of the Available Literature

<i>Vagococcus</i>species (spp.) are gram-positive cocci that are rarely reported in humans. These bacteria share physiological, cultural, and biochemical properties with <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Recently, they have garnered attention as potential opportunistic pathogens capable of causing infections in individuals with predisposing factors and comorbidities. Human infections are sporadic, with only a few cases reported worldwide. A multidisciplinary microbiological approach is essential for the successful identification of these organisms. Antibiotic sensitivity is critical for effective treatment, especially considering that <i>Vagococcus</i> spp. not only were recently discovered but are also developing resistance to several antibiotics, as confirmed by the available literature, including the present case where the organism was found to be pan-drug resistant. Clinicians should be aware of these bacteria and consider them as emerging opportunistic pathogens. We report the case of a 56-year-old male with grade III hydronephrosis, urolithiasis, and a UTI, in which<i>Vagococcus</i> <i>fluvialis</i> was isolated from the patient's urine specimen.