Anisotropic odd elasticity with Hamiltonian curl forces

Abstract A host of elastic systems consisting of active components exhibit path-dependent elastic behaviors not found in classical elasticity, which is known as odd elasticity. Odd elasticity is characterized by antisymmetric (odd) elastic modulus tensor. Here, from the perspective of geometry, we construct the Hamiltonian formalism to show the origin of the antisymmetry of the elastic modulus that is intrinsically anisotropic. Furthermore, both non-conservative stress and the associated nonlinear constitutive relation naturally arise. This work also opens the promising possibility of exploring the physics of odd elasticity in dynamical regime by Hamiltonian formalism.