Proximity to inlet channel drives spatial variation in sediment carbon across a lagoonal seagrass meadow

Seagrass meadows can be sinks for organic carbon, but estimates of global organic carbon stocks are complicated by substantial spatial variability in organic carbon burial observed within meadows. To improve estimates of organic carbon burial in seagrass meadows, it is necessary to understand the causes of the spatial heterogeneity. This study investigated relationships between spatial patterns in sediment organic carbon storage and accretion rates, hydrodynamics, and proximity to sources of organic carbon in a current-dominated Zostera marina Linnaeus meadow in Menemsha Pond, Massachusetts, USA. Sediment and velocity measurements were conducted at six stations along a 150-m transect across the meadow oriented perpendicular to the pond's unvegetated inlet channel. The meadow's edge near the channel had higher organic carbon than the channel as well as the highest organic carbon within the meadow. With increasing distance from the meadow's edge, all of the following decreased: sediment organic and total carbon, sediment accretion rates, peak tidal velocity, sediment trap mass deposition rate, and the relative contribution of non-seagrass sources to sediment organic carbon. Lower tidal velocities farther from the inlet channel reduced sediment resuspension, consistent with lower sediment trap mass deposition, which should enhance organic carbon content and organic carbon accretion rates. However, the opposite trend of decreasing organic carbon content (>50 % across the transect) and decreasing accretion rates with distance from channel was observed. This suggested that the local hydrodynamic intensity was not controlling organic carbon accretion, which was instead constrained by supply limitation and controlled by the lagoon-scale flow circulation.