Chiral sensing via dielectric waveguide-nanoparticle array interactions

Identifying the handedness of chiral materials in small quantities remains a significant challenge in biochemistry. Nanophotonic structures offer a promising solution by enhancing weak chiroptical responses through increased optical chirality. Utilizing a silicon-based approach for chiral sensing on a photonic integrated platform is highly desirable. In this study, we explore the interaction between a dielectric waveguide and silicon nanoparticles for detecting the handedness of chiral analytes. A chiral core induces polarization rotation of wavefields traveling along a dielectric waveguide with a square cross-section. This polarization rotation affects waveguide coupling differently depending on the left- or right-handed arrangement of nanoparticles around the waveguide, enabling enantiomer detection through discernible transmission differences. From a basic design to more practical structures, we investigate configurations that maintain the same working principles. Theoretical results based on the transfer matrix method corroborate the numerical simulations.