BCL-2 and BAX expression and germ cell apoptosis following the intervention of 1-isothiocyanato-4-methylsulfinylbutane in cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity and sperm DNA fragmentation in Sprague-Dawley rat

Cisplatin (CP) has been used in clinical oncology but causes spermatogenesis damage. Isothiocyanato-4-methylsulfonylbutane (SFN) is a potent dietary bioactive agent that has been extensively studied for its effects on disease prevention. This study focused on the intervention of SFN on Germ cell apoptosis in CP-induced testicular toxicity and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). A total of ninety (90) male and ninety (90) female rats (weighing, 150–200 g, 12–14 weeks old) were assigned randomly into nine groups of ten (n = 10) rats each. Group A received normal saline, group B received a single dose of 10 mg/kg CP (i.p.), group C received 50 mg/kg bwt of SFN, group D received 100 mg/kg bwt of SFN, group E received 10 mg/kg bwt CP and 50 mg/kg bwt of SFN, group F received 10 mg/kg bwt CP and 100 mg/kg bwt of SFN, group G received 10 mg/kg bwt CP and 50 mg/kg bwt vitamin C, group H received 50 mg/kg bwt of SFN and 10 mg/kg bwt CP, Group I received 100 mg/kg bwt of SFN and 10 mg/kg bwt CP. The procedure lasted for 56 days. At the end of each treatment, the 90 male rats were introduced to the 90 female rats on the proestrus at a ratio of 1:1 for fertility tests. Testicular histopathological, apoptotic marker, immunoreactivity, sperm parameters, and SDF were investigated. Cisplatin significantly decreases chromatin condensation/de-condensation levels, haploid germ cells, the number of fetuses, and BCL-2 expression. Also, CP increases SDF and BAX expression relative to control. Treatment with SFN increased BCL-2 expression, haploid germ cells, protected sperm chromatin condensation, improved microarchitecture of testes, and decreased SDF and BAX expression. Therefore, SFN protects against CP-induced apoptosis by controlling BCL-2 and BAX expression and ameliorates SDF. • Cisplatin (CP) decreased sperm quality and increase Sperm DNA fragmentations. • CP disrupt testicular BCL-2 and BAX expression and induced Germ cell apoptosis. • 1-isothiocyanato-4-methyl sulfonyl butane (SFN) improved Sperm DNA fragmentations. • SFN improved BCL-2 and BAX expression of the testes.