Simulation of Watershed Streamflow with Quantification of the Process Behind Anthropogenic Water Consumption

It is of great importance to evaluate and identify human water withdrawal and water use activities’ impact, which could help carry out better regional water resources management regulation. Human water withdrawal and water use data sets significantly improve the simulation performance of hydrological models by quantifying their effect on runoff. To demonstrate this, the point source data set is used to make grid data with a resolution of 1[Formula: see text]km and using the Wetspa-WR model (The Wetspa extension model including human water withdrawal module and reservoir storage module) with the expanded water extraction and use module and the water conservation project regulation and storage module. We applied the model in the upper reaches of the Yongding River in the Zhangjiakou area (ZJKYDR). The flexibility of the new model improves the characterization of uncertainty in simulated catchment streamflow and can be used for impact decomposition. The results showed the following: (1) The simulation efficiency of Wetspa-WR is higher, e.g., the relative error (RB) for the rating period decreased from 65.3% to [Formula: see text] and the RB for the validation period decreased from 58.6% to [Formula: see text]. (2) During 2017–2020, the effects of climate change, interval water extraction and use, reservoir regulation, and water storage on flow were [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively. (3) When excluding the differences in water extraction and reservoir storage across the subwatershed, the watershed outlet flow increased by 8%.