Multi-Annual Study of Eriogaster catax (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae) Oviposition Strategy in Transylvania’s Largest Population: Key Insights for Species Conservation and Local Land Management

This study provides new insights into the oviposition strategy of <i>Eriogaster catax</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae), an endangered species of moth found in semi-natural habitats within agricultural landscapes. Protected under various European directives and listed as Data Deficient by the IUCN, <i>E. catax</i> inhabits warmer regions of the Western Palearctic. Despite noted geographic variations in its ecological preferences, few studies have statistically significant data on its ecology. Our six-year study, conducted within the largest known population of <i>E. catax</i>. in Romania, reveals critical data on its oviposition preferences, including the species' tendency to utilize <i>Prunus spinosa</i> L. and <i>Crataegus monogyna</i> Jacq. shrubs at an average height of 80.48 ± 34.3 cm, with most nests placed within the 41-80 cm range and containing an average of 186 ± 22 eggs. The study also addresses the species' vulnerability to human activities such as bush trimming, agricultural burning, and uncontrolled grazing, particularly due to its low oviposition height. These findings underscore the negative impact of overgrazing and burning practices, particularly when conducted on a large scale, on the conservation of <i>E. catax.</i> The detailed ecological requirements identified in this study are essential for developing effective conservation strategies and habitat management practices. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of local community involvement and public education in raising awareness about biodiversity and the conservation of endangered species.