Assessment of the influence of climatic factors on the state of terrestrial ecosystems in the Northwestern region of Russia

The article analyzes the change of climatic conditions in the Northwest of Russia, including the characteristics of dangerous hydrometeorological events (cold and heat waves, strong winds, extreme rainfall, snowfall, ice-frost deposits, hail) and slow climatic changes (increase in the number of days with the transition of air temperature through 0°С, coastal abrasion) in connection with their negative impact on terrestrial ecosystems. It was found that the influence of meteorological and climatic factors on terrestrial ecosystems is most pronounced in the northern part of the studied region, especially on the coast of the Barents Sea. Towards the south, the values of all indicators gradually decrease, and their structure changes. In the northern part of the study area (Murmansk and Arkhangelsk oblasts, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug), phenomena associated with strong winds and intensive ice-frost deposition, which contribute to the formation of an ice crust on the Earth’s surface, prevail. As one moves away from the coast, severe frost is observed more often (Komi Republic). In the center and south of the region, heavy rainfall, severe frost, and intense heat are the most frequent, resulting in a high fire hazard. The study carried out the ranking of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District according to the degree of intensity of this process. Comprehensive assessments of the negative impact of changing climatic conditions on terrestrial ecosystems can be used to make decisions on the development of a strategy for environmental security of the regions of the Russian Federation.