Association of Antibody Responses to Helicobacter pylori Proteins with Colorectal Adenoma and Colorectal Cancer

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, the association of immune responses to bacterial exposure with advancing stages of colorectal neoplasia was assessed by multiplex serology. Immunoglobulin (Ig) A and G antibody responses to thirteen proteins of <i>H. pylori</i> were measured by a Luminex-based multiplex assay in plasma from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC, n = 25), advanced adenoma (n = 82), or small polyps (n = 85) and controls (n = 100). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of bacterial seropositivity with colorectal neoplasia. The threshold for overall seropositivity required subjects to be positive for at least 4 out of the 13 tested antigens. In a cohort subset with matched data (n = 34), <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity was correlated with bacterial abundance in both neoplastic and matched normal tissue. While no association was found between <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity and the presence of CRC, IgA seropositivity to CagA was associated with a decreased risk of advanced adenoma (odds ratio, OR = 0.48, 95% confidence intervals, CIs: 0.24-0.96). Regarding IgG, higher antibody responses to HpaA was associated with advanced adenoma occurrence (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.00-6.01), while responses to HP0395, CagA and Catalase were associated with polyp development (OR = 2.65, 95%, CI: 1.31-5.36, OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01-3.32, and OR = 2.16, CI: 1.09-4.29, respectively). Positive correlations were found between <i>H. pylori</i> abundance in the normal mucosa and levels of both the IgA and IgG antibody response to Catalase and VacA antigens (r = 0.48, <i>p</i> < 0.01; r = 0.37, <i>p</i> = 0.04; r = 0.51, <i>p</i> < 0.01; and r = 0.71, <i>p</i> = 0.04, respectively). Conversely, <i>H. pylori</i> abundance was negatively correlated with levels of IgA antibody response to HpaA and with IgG antibody response to HP0231 in the diseased tissue (r = -0.34, <i>p</i> = 0.04 and r = -0.41, <i>p</i> = 0.01, respectively). The association between levels of <i>H. pylori</i> antigens and colorectal neoplasia risk gradually decreased with the adenoma progression, implicating the early activation of the immune response at the polyp stage. Thus, the evaluation of antibody response to certain bacterial antigens may indicate the presence of early-stage colorectal neoplasia. Further studies are needed to clarify the role <i>H. pylori</i> or the immune response to its antigens may have in colorectal carcinogenesis stages.