Auditory pallial regulation of the social behavior network

Sensory cues such as vocalizations contain important social information. Processing social features of vocalizations (e.g., vocalizer identity, emotional state) necessitates unpacking the complex sound streams in song or speech; this depends on circuits in pallial cortex. But whether and how this information is then transferred to limbic and hypothalamic regions remains a mystery. Here, using gregarious, vocal songbirds (female Zebra finches), we identify a prominent influence of the auditory pallium on one specific node of the Social Behavior Network, the lateral ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMHl). Electrophysiological recordings revealed that social and non-social auditory stimuli elicited stimulus-specific spike trains that permitted stimulus differentiation in a large majority of VMHl single units, while transient disruption of auditory pallium elevated immediate early gene activity in VMHl. Descending functional connections such as these may be critical for the range of vertebrate species that rely on nuanced communication signals to guide social decision-making.