Renal protective potential of pentoxifylline, chlorpromazine, and lovastatin in ischemia-reperfusion injury: An experimental study

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of pentoxifylline when compared to lovastatin and chlorpromazine as nephroprotective substances in cases of renal ischemia and reperfusion syndrome (IRI). A total of 36 adult male animals were randomly allocated into four groups (untreated control group, pentoxifylline group, lovastatin group, and chlorpromazine group), each consisting of nine animals. All groups were submitted to experimental ischemia and reperfusion procedures. The animals were evaluated 24, 72 and 120 hours after IRI, including physical examinations, serum urea and creatinine measurements, as well as histopathological, morphometric, and stereological analyses of the renal tissue. Results indicated that 24 hours after IRI, only chlorpromazine was effective in controlling azotemia. At the 72-hour mark, both chlorpromazine and pentoxifylline exhibited efficacy. After 120 hours, all three substances demonstrated renal protective qualities. Pentoxifylline was the most effective in preserving the structural integrity of kidney tissue, followed by chlorpromazine. In conclusion, all three treatments (pentoxifylline, chlorpromazine, and lovastatin) were effective. Pentoxifylline proved to be promising in the response against acute tubular necrosis, although chlorpromazine presented earlier renoprotective effects in terms of maintaining renal function.