Impact of Outside Temperature on Driving Range and Energy Consumption Using Real-Time Big Data for Electric Buses

Calculating the energy consumption of electric vehicles (EVs) is crucial to optimize efficiency and driving range, taking into account the outdoor temperature. Research shows that low temperatures significantly increase motor and battery energy consumption while inhibiting regenerative energy recovery, with optimum efficiency achieved at around 20-30 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, the use of heating and cooling systems in different seasons also affects the overall efficiency by affecting battery energy consumption. Therefore, outdoor temperature and driving conditions must be taken into account to accurately assess and optimize the energy consumption of EVs. In this study, the effects of outdoor temperature on range and energy consumption are analyzed using real-time big data from Electric Buses (EB). The field application of the study is based on the EB route currently in operation in Malatya. The EB route is divided into 4 different regions and the energy consumption and the corresponding outdoor temperature for each region are analyzed using regression analysis techniques. As a result of the calculations, it was calculated that the most efficient consumption for the entire EB route is $3,02 \mathrm{kWh} / \mathrm{km}$ and this consumption value can be achieved with a temperature of $21,5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.