Analysis of the Financial State of Enterprises: a Complex Approach and Formalization of Evaluation for the Management System

The article examines the analysis of the financial state of the enterprise as an information system for managing financial and economic activities. It has been proven that the financial condition is a complex concept that characterizes the resource potential and efficiency of financial and economic activity processes, therefore the main determinants of its definition are: financial stability, liquidity, business activity and efficiency. Accordingly, management activity needs information about its state in statics and dynamics, which is possible by applying methods and models of financial analysis. It is proposed to build an integral function for a complex analysis of the financial state, which allows to evaluate the financial state of the enterprise as a multidimensional dynamic object. The calculation of the integral indicator was carried out in several stages: a complex assessment was calculated by blocks of financial coefficients; an assessment of the financial condition and potential was carried out; the level of the enterprise’s financial condition is identified; rating of problem areas in financial condition was carried out. An integral function of assessing the financial and economic potential of the enterprise as a multidimensional dynamic object, which is based on quantitative characteristics - determinants of the financial state, which are described by the system of indicators $K_{1}, K_{2}, \ldots K_{n}$, is proposed for the analysis of the financial state. The analysis of indicators in statics and dynamics for the period $\left[t_{1}-t_{n}\right]$ made it possible to monitor deviations from normative and planned values and to detect the threat of a violation of the level of stability or the emergence of a critical state. The proposed model made it possible to: carry out a quantitative analysis and assessment of the financial situation at the time of the study and in dynamics; monitor the development of the enterprise and identify weak points that affect the financial stability and determine the level of the financial condition of the enterprise, identify the level of the financial condition, carry out a rating assessment of the most problematic aspects of the financial condition. The proposed and tested comprehensive approach and formalization of the assessment of the financial condition is an information base for management activities in the context of making timely, well-founded decisions and developing a system of measures of both operational and strategic nature to correct the situation and prevent a crisis.