Comparative Analysis of Patch Antenna Design for RF Energy Harvesting

This paper presents a comparative analysis of three microstrip patch antenna designs—E-shape, hexagonal-shape, and H-shape—optimized for Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting applications. The designs were simulated using CST software, and their performance was evaluated based on key parameters including resonant frequency, return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), bandwidth, directivity, and gain. The results show that while all three designs achieved good resonance at the target frequency of 2.4 GHz, the hexagonal-shape antenna exhibited the highest bandwidth, making it the most versatile for broader frequency applications. The H-shape antenna demonstrated the highest directivity and gain, indicating strong potential for targeted RF energy harvesting. Conversely, the E-shape antenna, though effective, showed lower performance in gain and directivity. This study underscores the importance of design selection based on specific application requirements and highlights the trade-offs involved in optimizing patch antennas for RF energy harvesting. Future work should explore variations in substrate materials and feeding techniques to further enhance antenna performance.