Energy Landscape of the European Union: Assessing Convergence and Import Dependency

This research aims to analyze energy convergence and import dependency in European Union (EU) countries. By applying cluster analysis, the authors identified three main groups of EU countries based on their level of energy efficiency, each characterized by distinct energy landscapes. Using multifactor regression analysis, the study examined the influence of various factors such as the diversity index of energy supply, energy self-reliance, share of renewable energy sources, final energy consumption, and production energy on countries’ dependency levels on energy imports. The results confirmed the significance of these factors in reducing countries’ energy dependency. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics of energy policies in EU countries and directs attention towards developing more resilient and efficient energy strategies.