Parallel dynamics of slow slips and fluid-induced seismic swarms

Earthquake swarms may be driven by fluids, through hydraulic injections or natural fluid circulation, but also by slow and aseismic slip transients. Understanding the driving factors for these prolific sequences and how they can potentially develop into larger ruptures remains a challenge. A notable and almost ubiquitous feature of swarms is their hypocenters migration, which occurrence is closely related to the processes driving the observed seismicity, in a similar way as seismicity accompanies slow-slip events at subduction zones. Here, we analyze global data on migrating sequences, and identify scaling laws for migration velocity, moment and duration measured on natural and injection-induced swarms, foreshock sequences, and slow slip events. We highlight two different behaviors among these sequences: one linked to slow slips, with elevated migration velocities and moments, and the other related to fluid-induced processes, featuring lower velocities and moments. These results provide metrics for distinguishing between the drivers of earthquake swarms, fluid or slow-slip related, and prompt a reevaluation of scaling laws of fault slip transients, especially for swarms.