L5-Direct™ Outperforms Consumer and IoT L1+L5 Dual-Band GNSS Receivers Under Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)

The detection, classification, and mitigation of RFI in GNSS is driving innovation within and beyond GNSS (Humphreys, (2021); Parkinson, (2022)). This study presents two empirical lab-based analyses of the response to RFI of commercial off-the-shelf consumer and IoT L1+L5 dual-band GNSS receivers and the oneNav L5-Direct GNSS receiver. We demonstrate the vulnerability of commercial off-the-shelf L1+L5 dual-band GNSS receivers to even modest L1 band RFI. The consequence of this vulnerability is that typical consumer and IoT L1+L5 dual-band GNSS receiver designs deny end users the benefits of L5 signals - where and when they are needed most. Towards delivering the benefits of L5 band signals, we demonstrate that the oneNav L5-Direct dual side band architecture not only provides complete immunity to L1 RFI but is robust with respect to narrowband RFI occurring in either E5a or E5b.