Measurement of scintillation from proportional electron multiplication in liquid xenon using a needle

Abstract Charge amplification in liquids could provide single-phase xenon time projection chambers with background discrimination and fiducialisation capabilities similar to those found in dual-phase detectors. Although efforts to achieve the high electric field required for charge amplification and proportional scintillation in liquid xenon have been previously reported, their application to large-scale detectors remains elusive. This work presents a new approach to this challenge, where — instead of the thin-wire approach of previous studies — a needle-like high-voltage electrode is employed to demonstrate proportional charge amplification and secondary scintillation production in liquid xenon. This is an important milestone towards the development of an electrode structure that could be utilised in a large-scale, single-phase time projection chamber with dual read-out.