IMPLEMENTATION OF BACKPROPAGATION AND HYBRID ARIMA-NN METHODS IN PREDICTING ACCURACY LEVELS OF RAINFALL IN MAKASSAR CITY

Hybrid ARIMA-NN is a combined approach of the ARIMA model used to capture linear patterns in time series data and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to handle non-linear and stochastic patterns. Using a gradient descent algorithm, backpropagation adjusts synaptic weights based on the error between the network's prediction and actual training data values. In this study, a comparison was made between the Backpropagation method and Hybrid ARIMA-NN in forecasting rainfall in Makassar City. Rainfall data in Makassar City uses data from the rainfall measuring station at the Paotere Maritime Meteorological Station in Makassar. The activation functions used are ReLU and Leaky ReLU with epoch parameters set at 350, and learning rates of 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, and 0.00001. The two best methods selected for further evaluation are Backpropagation with architecture 12-32-16-8-1 and Hybrid ARIMA-NN (ARIMA [4,0,1]-NN 12-256-128-64-1). The ARIMA model (4,0,1) with AIC values of 1303.4 and RMSE 162,369 is the best compared to other models, which aligns with the advantages of backpropagation architecture. The results showed that the Backpropagation method excelled with an RMSE value of 137.320 or 0.1149, indicating high accuracy in forecasting changes in seasonal trends and patterns. Hybrid ARIMA-NN gives good results with RMSE 145.834, as residues contain better nonlinearity compared to ARIMA models (4,0,1), although it shows a slightly higher error rate compared to Backpropagation.