Flip-Chip-Based Fast Inductive Parity Readout of a Planar Superconducting Island

The properties of superconducting devices depend sensitively on the parity (even or odd) of the quasiparticles that they contain. Encoding quantum information in the parity degree of freedom is central in several emerging solid-state qubit architectures, including in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices. In the latter case, accurate, nondestructive, and time-resolved parity measurements are a challenging issue. Here, we report on control and real-time parity measurement in a superconducting island embedded in a superconducting loop and realized in a hybrid two-dimensional heterostructure using a microwave resonator. To avoid microwave losses impeding time-resolved measurements, the device and readout resonator are located on separate chips, connected via flip-chip bonding, and couple inductively through vacuum. The superconducting resonator detects the parity-dependent circuit inductance, allowing for fast parity readout. We have resolved even- and odd-parity states with a signal-to-noise ratio of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><a:mi>SNR</a:mi><a:mo>≈</a:mo><a:mn>3</a:mn></a:math> for an integration time of <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><d:mn>20</d:mn><d:mspace width="0.2em"/><d:mtext fontfamily="times">μ</d:mtext><d:mrow><d:mi mathvariant="normal">s</d:mi></d:mrow></d:math> and a detection fidelity exceeding <j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><j:mn>98</j:mn><j:mi mathvariant="normal">%</j:mi></j:math>. The real-time parity measurement shows a state lifetime extending into the millisecond range. Our approach will lead to a better understanding of coherence-limiting mechanisms in superconducting quantum hardware and help to advance inductive-readout schemes for hybrid qubits. Published by the American Physical Society 2024