The Territorial Human-Environment Relationship System: Exploring the Spatial Development of the “Three Spaces” in Mountain Outdoor Tourism Destinations

In the relationship between humans and the environment, all human activities depend on the geographical environment, which serves as the spatial place and material foundation for human life. This study provides a perspective on the human-environment relationship, using a case study of the Dashanbao Mountainous Outdoor Tourism Planning Area in Zhaotong, Yunnan. This study employed methods such as literature review, on-site investigation, and GIS spatial analysis to analyze the functional characteristics of the regional subject, spatial structuring, and spatiotemporally variable ordered processes of Dashanbao as a tourism destination from the perspective of human-environment relationships. The results indicate that under the guidance of the human-environment relationship system philosophy, the construction path of the “ecological space, production space, and living space” includes three main aspects: (1) The formation of five major project blocks and five functional zones to meet the diverse needs of different groups; (2) The establishment of a "multi-core module" structure optimizing the spatial layout of the tourism destination; and (3) With the changes in space and time, the convergence of elements in each block can form a composite mountainous outdoor tourism space with the characteristics of “ecology, life, and production”. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for promoting the sustainable development of tourism regional systems with mountainous characteristics.