Perovskite-Based Catalysts for Syngas Upgrading by Intensified Steam Reforming of Biomass Tar

Biomass tar, an inevitable byproduct of biomass gasification, presents a significant challenge due to its tendency to condense, which can lead to blockages in pipelines and filters. Catalytic reforming has emerged as the most effective technology for tar removal, facilitating the conversion of biomass tar into syngas (H2 and CO). Despite the widespread use of Ni-based catalysts in steam reforming of biomass tar (SRBT) due to their high activity and cost-effectiveness, their susceptibility to deactivation caused by sintering and carbon deposition remains a concern. In contrast, perovskite-based catalysts exhibit significant potential in SRBT owing to their adaptable structural composition and abundant oxygen vacancies. The diverse composition of elements at the A and B sites in the structure of perovskites makes them particularly suitable for being customized and optimized according to different application requirements. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the deactivation mechanisms of catalysts, the substitution of perovskite-based catalysts, the effects of the preparation methods, and their applications in SRBT systems. Furthermore, current research limitations and prospects for enhancing the catalytic performance of perovskite catalysts are addressed. Although numerous strategies for improvement have been explored, a considerable journey to optimize the activity and stability of these catalysts still remains ahead.