Identification and Characterization of a Novel Insulin-like Receptor (LvRTK2) Involved in Regulating Growth and Glucose Metabolism of the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

The insulin receptor (IR) plays a crucial role in the growth and metabolism of animals. However, there are still many questions regarding the IR in crustaceans, particularly their role in shrimp growth and glucose metabolism. In this study, we identified a novel insulin-like receptor gene in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> and cloned its full length of 6439 bp. This gene exhibited a highly conserved sequence and structural characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed it as an unreported RTK2-type IR, namely, <i>LvRTK2</i>. Expression pattern analysis showed that <i>LvRTK2</i> is primarily expressed in female reproductive and digestive organs. Through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, including glucose treatment, exogenous insulin treatment, and starvation treatment, <i>LvRTK2</i> was confirmed to be involved in the endogenous glucose metabolic pathway of shrimp under different glucose variations. Moreover, long-term and short-term interference experiments with <i>LvRTK2</i> revealed that the interference significantly reduced the shrimp growth rate and serum glucose clearance rate. Further studies indicated that <i>LvRTK2</i> may regulate shrimp growth by modulating the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and a series of glucose metabolism events, such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, and glycogenolysis. This report on the characteristics and functions of <i>LvRTK2</i> confirms the important role of RTK2-type IRs in regulating shrimp growth and glucose metabolism.